When the prescription between the eyes is very different. This makes glasses hard to fit and can cause amblyopia in kids.

Retinopathy of prematurity occurs in premature newborns. Ischemic retina promotes neovascularization that leads to scars & retinal detachments.

This is a tumor that occurs in the photoreceptors.

Congenital cataract, retinoblastoma (rare but dangerous), retinal detachment, ROP. Plus some others …

Retinal bleeding in all four quadrants of the retina, and at all levels of retinal depth. Schisis cavities, bone fractures, and others …

This is the “illusion” that the eyes are out of alignment (but they are actually OK). Common in children with prominent epicanthal folds.

A test for measuring eye alignment by examining the reflection of light off the cornea.

A tropia is an constant alignment problem between the eyes. A phoria is only present when tired or when fusion is broken.

Strabismus (eyes out of alignment), anisometropia (eye prescriptions different) and visual obstruction (cataract or droopy lid).

Vision loss from poor nervous system wiring in childhood. It occurs from poor vision in one eye at a young age that isn’t corrected.